German b2 books

Solutions can be found at the end of each test. “Learning German through Storytelling: Mord Am Morgen” (B1-B2) 3. Author: Michaela Perlmann-balme, Susanne Schwalb. Deutsche Grammatik pdf Books. hold an official, internationally recognised certificate. 1. It certifies that candidates have acquired advanced language skills and corresponds to the fourth level (B2) of the six-level scale of competence laid down Feb 1, 2019 · Amazon. Momente in München. 9 MB. Erkundungen B2, C1, C2. “Aspekte neu B2” by Ute Koithan, Tanja Mayr-Sieber, et al. It includes various exercises to test your understanding of grammar. Choose an interesting book from the «Novels» section. 99. (If anyone has some learning material which you think is helpful and would like to get it added to the drive then PM me. Hesse) accept language certificates only from certain language institutes. To Download other B2 Books : Click Here. Read and learn German it online or download it for free in PDF, FB2, EPUb, DOC and TXT formats and read it Mar 4, 2022 · Publishing company Hueber. Date Published: 2018-12-03. Downloads 435,121. Vedanti yashwant thakur. In your B2 German course you will also learn to understand complex texts and conversations. B2. Jan 6, 2024 · This book on learning German helps immigrants to overcome their everyday life in Germany. Karneval in Köln. Logo Image. Der Richter und sein Henker – “The Judge and His Hangman”, by Friedrich Dürrenmatt. It certifies that candidates have acquired advanced language skills and corresponds to the fourth level (B2) of the six-level scale of competence laid down Jan 20, 2022 · Confidence in using German in real-life situations; Understanding of German culture and customs; How Preply German courses work. Learning German is a challenge. German B2. “Learn German With Stories: Café in Berlin” (A1-A2) 2. A B2 level German speaker is considered an Upper-Intermediate language speaker. For each level there is an exam training with interactive evaluation – display of correct and incorrect answers Sep 9, 2023 · A2 Level Books – Building on Your Foundation. Jan 1, 2024 · All our German courses are methodical and systematic. Walzer in Wien. Homo Faber. It is highly recommended for its well-structured approach and engaging content. This is very good value for money. I recommend Tschick, Momo, Krabat, and Crazy. February 13, 2024. The book provides a comprehensive explanation of the test, a practical approach to learning, a variety of materials, and high-quality audio files. I have completed the B2 German language course at Goethe Institute. Some of his works that I found particularly interesting: Thanks for the tip. Übungen zum Leseverstehen und zum schriftlichen Ausdruck trainieren gezielt. B2 Vocabulary. As a doctor from abroad, you can use this book to optimally prepare for the medical language exam in Germany. “First German Reader for Beginners” (A1-A2) 4. Goethe Zertifikat B2 Module Exams. Focus on more vocabulary, speaking, reading and writing a lot. You can also express advantages and disadvantages on many current topics. Deutsch am Arbeitsplatz (German at Work) includes free practice exercises for students at proficiency levels of A1-B2. Overall, the book “Mit Erfolg zu telc Deutsch B2” is an excellent tool for preparing for the telc Deutsch B2 exam. Plötzlich in Palermo. German Grammar pdf for A1 A2 B1 B2 and C1. As a guide, when you first start learning German you’ll be considered A1, and if you become completely proficient in the language and almost at native speaker level that would be C2. Some federal states (e. Here is a comprehensive list of the top school books for Class 12 – German. **CHECK FOR A1/A2/B1/C1/C2 BELOW**. If you want a textbook focusing not only on grammar, then you should try "Das Oberstufenbuch" or "Mittelpunkte" B2/C1. These German books have been selected in the best way by a group of experts Exam preparation. Home. Cultural tips: Many phrase books include cultural tips and information that can The 20 best german vocabulary books, such as German, German Vocabulary Drills and German Frequency Dictionary. Bilingual Books in German for intermediate students (B2) | AnyLang Hey, I am currently learning German and was wondering if you know any history connected books written in German for B1-B2 or B2 level. Each chapter focuses on a theme, such as sports or ordering food, while tying each theme to an overall story with a regular cast of characters. The textbook contains vocabulary that is particularly relevant for everyday life, work and studies and essential Advantages: Convenience: German phrase books are compact and portable, making them easy to carry with you on the go. com: Erkundungen Deutsch als Fremdsprache B2: Integriertes Kurs- und Arbeitsbuch: 9783941323438: Buscha, Anne, Raven, Susanne, Szita, Szilvia: Books Read bilingual books, articles, and watch videos in over 10 languages without a dictionary. Einfach weiter! ist das neue allgemeinsprachliche B2-Lehrwerk für Erwachsene im In- und Ausland. Select your ideal tutor for your B2 German course. The exam typically lasts several hours, with specific time allocations for each section. Book - Grammatik aktiv B2-C1 - PDF + CD https: If you can make your way through Das Parfum, you might find the Ferdinand von Schirach books quite interesting. This course is suitable for all those who are planning on working in Germany to improve their work-specific language skills. 249 views 10:33. If you're already at B2 level you can speak German relatively good. Writing. So you can now converse normally with native speakers. Alemania Deutschschule is eduQua-certified and our exams are recognised worldwide. Thanks. Feb 4, 2016 · Learn German grammar with 50 episodes of PDF materials from DW, a leading international media organization. Show more. The book provides transparent learning Studio d: Die Mittelstufe B2/1, B2/2, C1. A German dictionary is an absolute must-have when learning German. Author Stefan Zweig. Book features: Provides a comprehensive explanation of German grammar for B2 level. pdf cu3e_b2_german_sb_40735_u02 Teacher Resources / B2 / Answer Keys back. Provides solutions for all exercises. With three levels to choose from, “ Deutsch Aktuell” will give Nov 26, 2010 · If you require an absolute Beginner course, you can try our Get Started in German Absolute Beginner course: 9781444174625 If you want to take your German further, you should try our Perfect Your German: 9780071784672 Rely on Teach Yourself, trusted by language learners for over 75 years. The good news is, you don’t need much time to learn the tasks the test will ask you to complete. 00 (4 weeks, 4 days/week, 3 hours/day, 48 hours). In your B2 German course you will also learn to understand difficult texts, e. “Best Short Stories: A Dual-Language Book” (B1+) German for study and work B1+ B2 C1 • Competences are developed step-by-step throughout the units • Language use and skills are taught in small learning stages with specific goals • Includes language mediation Mittelpunkt neu For students who need to learn German for their studies or job B1+ B2 C1 • Extensive grammar reference Feb 23, 2024 · Resources you need to prepare for the telc Deutsch B2 exam. Es befähigt insbesondere lerngewohnte und motivierte Deutschlerner, sich zügig fundierte B2-Kenntnisse anzueignen. You are a student at German Institute and would like to take the B2 exam here with us? Feb 21, 2023 · SPEKTRUM DEUTSCH B2 is a modern and communicative textbook that follows the method and content of Spektrum Deutsch B1+. Resource. … If you like YA books: Momo, Die Unendliche Geschichte, Tschick, Tintenherz. May 13, 2024 · 6. The Goethe-Zertifikat B2 is a German exam for young people and adults. “Homo Faber”. . I also found some for A1/A2/B1/C1/C2. SEARCH. ADMIN MOD. "Team Deutsch 3/1" by Ursula Esterl and Elke Korner. 270 views 12:43. <. If you are looking for a comprehensive and effective textbook for learning German at B2 level, Sicher! B2 is an excellent choice. ) 00:00 00:00. Here you can find some free grammar exercises: BOOK NOW. “The Big Yellow Book of German Verbs” by Paul Listen, Robert Di Dinato, Daniel Franklin. DeutschLera Mar 12, 2020 · If so, this is the book you’ve been looking for! Intermediate German Short Stories - Learn German Vocabulary and Phrases with Stories is a collection of five short stories in German, written especially for intermediate learners of approximately A2, B1 and B2 levels on the Common European Framework of Reference. These all are fully in German. It is aimed at motivated adult learners who want to quickly achieve noticeable success in learning German. “501 German Verbs” by Henry Strutz. Read. Barron’s 1001 Pitfalls in German. - The book is divided into 12 units, each of which covers a There is no "best" book - all of the major series are usable as long as you supplement them with an additional grammar book and a lot of reading, listening and talking. Reading comprehension. German Books by André Klein. Hope it helps. 6. Herr Antrim’s Reviews of Angelika Bohn’s Books. Answer Key: Student's Book; Answer Key: Workbook; German - B2 cu3e_b2_german_sb_40735_u01_final. The sets of model exercises offer a detailed insight into the respective exam and its structure. With an English translation right next to the German text, it's easier to understand the content, especially for beginner and intermediate learners. Download and print for free. Online intensive courses cost €299. More serious stuff: Die Verwandlung, Der Vorleser, Das Parfüm, Der Richter und sein Henker. The German B2 course is one of our diploma courses and concludes with a telc examination if you wish. 78. Our courses are communicative and primarily directed towards academics. A week or two is more than enough. Kursbuch B2 (german Edition) by Michaela Perlmann-balme, Susanne Schwalb was published in 2018-12-03. Capacity 1. WAIT FOR THE DOWNLOAD LINK IN 20Second. You can do your course at our school facility or online. Apr 2, 2024 · Courses and exams provided by the Goethe Institute at their premises are obviously not free of charge. technical texts. Sicher B2. Sicher! Aktuell B2, C1. After a placement test, which you can complete online or on-site, we will find the right level for you. Check Price in India and Shop Online. Just remember for Hören, look at the books first pages to find the code Fokus Deutsch - B2 Erfolgreich in Alltag und Beruf PDF Download Fokus Deutsch - Allgemeine Ausgab Lesen & Schreiben B2 beinhaltet authentisch gestaltete Texte, die zum Lesen anregen und sowohl zum Selbstlernen als auch als Ergänzung zum Unterricht eingesetzt werden können. All the ‘Dino Lernt Deutsch’ short stories are available to buy on Amazon: Café in Berlin. “Deutsch Aktuell” (Current German 1) is one of the most popular German textbooks in American high schools. CEFR stands for the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. migration, authorities and institutions, literature, history, etc. As a reference work, the dictionary shows you the correct spelling, pronunciation, meaning, grammar and translation of words. Die unendliche Geschichte von Michael Ende. provide evidence that you have successfully passed Level B2. Exercises for reading comprehension and written expression specifically train reading and The whole thing is in German and mostly targets advanced students (B1-C2), but it is one of the best german vocab resources I have seen. Hello, I am looking for books written in German. With success! Sep 6, 2023 · Momo – Michael Ende (1973) Classic German Novels (And Novellas) Die Verwandlung – “Metamorphosis”, by Franz Kafka. And the DeutschAkademie has top ratings. Then, book a trial lesson of either 25 or 50 minutes before signing up for the course. Jan 23, 2023 · There are 6 levels in the CERF framework. Book language German. September 16, 2022. He's a former attorney who's now a full-time Krimi author, and uses a plain, direct writing style. Feb 12, 2024 · An appendix containing basic German grammar. To Download (Sicherb2. Read more ». Das Kurs- und Arbeitsbuch bereitet optimal auf die Prüfung telc Deutsch B2 vor. Background knowledge of the German healthcare system and targeted language training will help 17 votes, 11 comments. Reading time 3 hours 30 minutes. German Books - Buy German Books at India's Best Online Shopping Store. The German B2 exam consists of several sections, each designed to evaluate different language skills: Listening comprehension. Kindle Edition. We have rounded up a bunch of resources that include news sites, blogs, story books, poetry, short stories, fables, legends and more. It tests how well you can take the test. AusBlick 2, 3 (for teens and young adults) For the CEFR Exams, there are three exam prep books which offer you 3 levels of the difficulty for casual and serious learners. The price for an B2 intensive course on site varies depending on the location. 99 on Amazon) and. Ferien in Frankfurt. #12. I will be taking the Goethe B2 exam soon and found module exams and i thought that maybe some others might need it as well, so here they are. German Books by Angelika Bohn. The teacher's book contains the complete test book plus: an MP3-CD with all audio texts of the test book. Aug 15, 2021 · Paul Noble. 0 5. ) Please use Lumin PDF or DocHub to open all the files instead of Google Docs. com and unsplash. It starts at A1, considered the beginner level and moves through to C1 for advanced. Mar 8, 2024 · Aspekte neu B2 is a German textbook used by students at level B2 of the Common European Foreign Language Framework. Speaking. It offers comprehensive course materials and exercises to strengthen your grasp of the language. Teacher's Book; Answer Keys. Master German B2 level with our free online courses. You learn to justify your opinion and deepen the grammar learned in A1 – B1. Getting to C1 is really just learning a lot of vocabulary. Dec 5, 2020 · Free German Books - Kostenlose Deutsche Bücher: Lesen & Schreiben B2 ( PDF ) English B2. Mastering German Vocabulary: A Thematic Approach. Vocabulary Expansion: Reading parallel texts also provides exposure to new words and provide evidence that you have successfully passed Level B2. About 1,000 words, phrases and sentences at level B2, organized by topic (e. By Language Master B2 · Medizin · Pflege. The Goethe-Institut offers German exams worldwide for adults and young learners at levels A1-C2 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Main Menu. König der Diebe von Cornelia Funkt (B1. Silvia Szita and Anne Buscha made a series Erkundungen (A-B1) and Begegnungen (B2-C) and Grammatik A, B and C. A1 & A2 are considered basic ability, B1 & B2 are intermediate or independent and C1 & C2 are proficient levels. I practiced the reading module once 1 offer from $3. Feb 2, 2024 · Understanding the Structure of the German B2 Exam. Can you recommend any books which would be good for the B2 level? Mar 29, 2024 · 8 Bilingual German Readers for Boosting German Comprehension. German in Review. To Download other telc Books German Short Stories ( Komplet PDF ) by German Vibes — 14 Dezember 2022. Their “German shelves” are categorized into: Drama, Kinderbücher, Lyrik, Prosa and If you are looking for content to help you improve your German reading comprehension at the B2 level, this is the page for you. May 12, 2024 · So geht's zu B2 is a comprehensive German course book designed for learners at the B2 level of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Test takers complete tasks using both receptive and productive skills. Short Stories in German for Intermediate Learners: Read for pleasure at your level, expand your vocabulary and learn German the fun way! The largest library of German books, stories and films. Publishing year 2019. edition (May 2019) In this book you will find 100 daily life easy short stories in German language on different topics. You do not pay a registration fee. German Short Stories. To Download B2 Books : Click Here. Level B2 Reading & amp; Writing B2 contains authentically designed texts that encourage reading and can be used both for self-learning and as a supplement to lessons. Information provided with thanks to isbndb. 10 Heylama conversation calls 10-15 Euros each - €100-150 EUR. I will be sure to check out your suggestions. 0 out of 5 stars 1 rating 3. Sep 6, 2023 · Project Gutenberg. Answer Key: Student's Book; Answer Key: Workbook; Answer Key: Workbook Reviews; Answer Key: Learning Companion; Answer Key: Progress Tests; Answer Key: End-of-Unit tests; Answer Key: Extra Tasks Worksheets; Answer Key: Extra Grammar and Vocabulary Activities; Answer Key: Term and End-of-Year Tests Apr 15, 2019 · Deutsch TestDaF, DSH, B2, C1, C2- Themen Schreiben, Sprechen (German Edition) Paperback – Large Print, April 15, 2019 German Edition by Tarun Malik (Author) 5. Each section takes 1-2 minutes. The book contains: 10 units covering a variety of topics relevant to everyday life. Genres Stories, Novels, Love, Psychological, Realism, Love story, Psychological novel, Realistic novel. #11. ) We offer intensive German courses and evening, morning or weekend courses for advanced learners at B1, B2, C1 or C2 level. There is also an additional focus on noun-verb compounds. Die Schachnovelle – “The Royal Game”, by Stefan Zweig. In addition, there is a list of assessment tests for a number of language exams. Comprehensive exercises to develop reading, writing, listening and speaking skills. 4. Translate words in a click, listen to their pronunciation and add them to your personal vocabulary. German Books Audio with Pdf file free Download. However, both of these are showing to be strong challenges in terms of vocabulary as well as, at times, sentence structures. To Download this Book : Click Here. It certifies that candidates have acquired advanced language skills and corresponds to the fourth level (B2) of the six-level scale of competence laid down in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages The telc B2 consists of a written and an oral examination. Perhaps excessive if you're a lower level or not too confident with grammatical terms. Dec 19, 2021 · The B2 Goethe exam is in B2 German, but it doesn’t test you on B2 German. Its interesting story and relatively basic grammar and vocabulary make this novel great for beginner learners. A variety of texts including essays, stories, poems and dialogues. At this level the textbook is mostly to give you structure and point you in the correct direction Apr 6, 2024 · They are preparing for the German B2 exams. Der, Die, Das: The Secrets of German Gender is an in-depth guide that makes this aspect of the language a lot more simple through common-sense explanations. Ideal width 300px. The story follows the life of an engineer who values rational and practical thinking. a workbook with practical relevance and didactics that make learning easier ‎- Exercise tasks and conversation situations based on the nursing process ‎ ‎- Wor…. 3-tag:B2-250px-list-7258005126647789772. 846. I would love some recommendations of good books written or translated in german, which can be easily read by a B1/B2 student. Productive skills are assessed in written and oral Dec 7, 2022 · Best for Learning Genders of Nouns. This guarantees you the quality of teaching you need for your future private and professional plans. Menschen in Beruf series. I like Schubert's "Erkundungen" for example but any of the others will do. There are three grammatical genders in German, and they can be especially difficult to learn for English speakers. Auch als telc E-Book und über die Lernplattform Blinklearning verfügbar. Der Junge im gestreiften Pyjama von John Boyne. Erkundungen B2. April 06, 2024. So don’t prep your German, prep your test-taking. “Studio d A2” (Kurs und Übungsbuch) by Cornelsen: Click to Buy this Book. 3-tag:B2-250px-list-8082798256569069311. Key Features: 5 days ago · It helps boost self-confidence and improve German language skills in general. Enhance your language skills with advanced grammar, vocabulary, and real In our B2 German language course at German Institute, you will be able to prepare yourself for the B2 exam in the best way possible. Books - German B2. The transition over the higher levels is all about expanding the knowledge you already have imo. Good luck OP! 4 days ago · This list includes the following categories: Table of Contents. Thanks in advance! B1/early B2 is a frustrating place for reading novels. Improved Comprehension: One of the biggest advantages of using German parallel texts is improved comprehension. Notes,vocab and books (A1-B2) I'll keep on adding more books and vocab every week. This is an internationally recognized standard that helps classify levels of fluency. Read to your heart’s content while keeping abreast of the news, and appreciate Logo. 25+ German Learning Books for Free! [PDF] by InfoBooks. Swiss author, Max Frisch wrote this modern German classic. Das Parfum. Learn German Lnaguage. It was officially published by Max Hueber Verlag and has the ISBN: 3193012076. The materials are also used to prepare for the listening, reading, writing and speaking module / exam part. g. Learn German with 100 short stories! 2. B2 Set of model exercises for young people – play the listening module sample audi (34:41 min. &#10004; Free Shipping &#10004; Cash on Delivery &#10004; Best Offers May 29, 2022 · Grammatiktraining Deutsch für B2 is a German grammar exercise book for B2 level. Germany is a country with a rich culture, and the German language, although it may not seem so, has reached many parts of the world, so we bring for your learning a selection of books to learn German in PDF format. Übungsgrammatik für die Mittelstufe ("blue book") is a good grammar textbook. Sprachbausteine Deutsch B2-C1 Medizin Fachsprachprüfung (FSP) Author: Position: Updated: To the book*. Nuzhat Tabassum. Herr Antrim’s Top 7 Picks for German Learners. Die Hotelerbin (Karlsbad-Trilogie 3) (German Edition) Ada Caine. Depending on the federal state, the requirements for this language certificate differ. 99 on Amazon) These textbooks were instrumental in my prrepartion for the exam. 5 days ago · German Book - Deutsch für Pflegekräfte - PDF + Audio. Course books - these are all in German btw: Menschen A1-B1 Sicher B1+ - B2 Grammar books: Grammatik Aktiv (all 3 books - A1-B1, B1+ and B2-C1) Hammers german grammar and useage (in english. German B2 courses focus on intermediate language skills, enhancing vocabulary, grammar, and comprehension. Ziel B2, C1. Free German Books: Projekt B2 neu (PDF + CD). Ahoi aus Hamburg. I've tried to read regular books (for natives) but they were too difficult for me. The textbook provides information on topics such as finding accommodation, authorities, banks, working life, childcare and school and paves the way for them to become familiar with German (and Austrian) culture and language. Oct 14, 2018 · August 1, 2022. Books shelved as b2: To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez, 1984 by George Orwell, Brave New World May 14, 2024 · Evaluation: So geht's zu B2 –2019 is a valuable resource for German language learners who want to prepare for the new Goethe-Zertifikat B2 exam. “Langenscheidt Verbtabellen Deutsch – Verbformen nachschlagen und trainieren” by Sarah Fleer. 2) Ronja Räubertochter von Astrid Lindgren (and all her other books. In many other federal states, the German-B2 exam can be taken at any Top B2 German Books to Learn German. May 6, 2024 · Klett Sprachen has a comprehensive list of German language proficiency examinations (including those given by the Goethe Institute, telc and ÖSD) with sample tests available in PDF format for free downloading. “Aspekte neu B2” is a comprehensive course book that is widely used in German language schools. You can then choose between an intensive course or an evening, morning or weekend course at your level. German Book - Aspekte neu B2 - PDF + Audio. A German B2 certificate is required for the application for the approbation in Germany. This audiobook contains Paul Noble’s entire beginner course: language ground rules, how to ask questions, time phrases, using the past tense, numbers, and much more. Project Gutenberg has been around for many years — it was in fact, founded in 1971 (!) — and especially since the 90s, when it first went online, it has become a household name for free public domain ebooks in many different languages. It is a popular choice for adult learners who want to improve their German language skills for work, study, or travel. The series is divided into four levels, A1, A2, B1, B2, and C1, which correspond to the Common European Framework A1-C2. This book is a useful resource for students preparing for German language tests. Notice that these are older books) If you have read Harry Potter in your native language, try it in German. Buy a dictionary. SOME YOUTUBE CHANNELS TO LEARN GERMAN -- Hand Med. This should keep you going for a while. com. As you progress from the A1 level, “Studio d A2” continues to build your German language skills. All are, I believe, considered young adult books. “Team Deutsch 3/1” Book Review: This book deals with the communicative and cooperative teaching from A1 to B1 of the common European reference framework languages. I have started “Im Westen Nichts Neues,” as well as “Schachnovelle,” which my professor of German history recommended to me. Ein Bericht, by Max Frisch. And Noble narrates it all in a relaxed and friendly Since each book compliment the other, I tend to study with multiple books and here is my list: Aspekte Neu B2. Deutsch Aktuell 1. 3. Essential vocabulary: German phrase books provide you with the most essential vocabulary and phrases you need to communicate in everyday situations. Mar 25, 2020 · The following ‘Studio d’ books is good for learning German for everyday use or in order to obtain a permanent residence or German passport. Learn German with Paul Noble is a great introduction to the German language, its grammar, and its vocabulary. Tasks include multiple choice or text matching. Two textbooks: mit Erfolg zu telc Deutsch B2 Übungsbuch (EUR €20. Jul 27, 2021 · It’s a great way to see German being used in everyday situations. ) Various exercises to consolidate and deepen vocabulary. 1 offer from $4. “Essential German Verbs” by Silvia Robertson, Ian Roberts. Create a learning plan and set goals. It is detailed and comprehensive and provides varied and effective exercises. 75. Deutsch für Ärztinnen und Ärzte. Schreibtraining Deutsch für den Beruf B2 is an exercise book aimed at helping students improve their German writing skills in a professional context. Grammatik Aktiv B2-C1. German Learning Martial Download. Studio d is a series of textbooks designed for learners of German as a foreign language. Emphasis is on conversation, reading complex texts, and writing with improved accuracy and fluency. I currently have ,,Der Dreissigjähriger Krieg'' von Herfried Münkler but it is too hard to read for me May 14, 2024 · Go to your local library or university. 2) : Click Here. mit Erfolg zu telc Deutsch B2 Testbuch (EUR €19. Receptive skills are tested through reading and listening comprehension tasks, as well as language elements section. Where do you stand on issues like emigration, poverty, gender roles, and science? Feb 13, 2024 · This will help you understand texts written in German better. Quality standards during the development, administration, and implementation of the German exams are an essential part of our work. B2 Set of model exercises for young people – download the listening module (MP4, 34 MB) You can find practice materials for the listening, reading, writing and speaking sections here to help you prepare for the Goethe-Zertifikat B2 exam. if wd gs cc rp zi sf ah xx is