Change in appetite. uk. Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a rare malignancy, characterized by early-onset, highly-penetrant autosomal dominant inheritance mainly of the germline alterations in the E-cadherin gene ( CDH1) and β-catenin ( CTNNA1 ). Risk factors for stomach cancer include age gender, race and diet. The spleen may also be removed. Other stomach cancer symptoms include unintentional weight loss, feeling full quickly, and losing your appetite. You should not have to live in pain or distress even if it is ruled out to be anxiety. It is much more common in other areas of the world, particularly Japan, than it is in the United States, where the number of people diagnosed with the disease each year is declining. Also called gastric cancer, the disease usually grows slowly over many years Dec 20, 2023 · Dec 22, 2023, 12:59 PM. Tipuri rare de cancer de stomac: • Limfom - cancerul care incepe in celulele sistemului imunitar. 260,643 posts. Text " nostomach " to 64600 for news and updates from us. Aug 13, 2021 · Hello there! So sorry to learn about your husband's diagnosis. When he claimed the esophageal cancer he was turned down by…. Bloody stools: These are often described as looking Jun 3, 2024 · Gastric cancer Forum. For people with stomach cancer in England: more than 45 out of 100 people (more than 45%) will survive their cancer for 1 year or more. Stomach (gastric) cancer is cancer that starts in the cells lining the stomach. Gastroscopy. But if you experience any of the following, seek medical attention right away. more than 20 out of 100 people (more than 20%) will survive their cancer for 5 years or more. Fox Chase Cancer Center Main Campus 333 Cottman Avenue Philadelphia, PA 19111-2497 Jun 30, 2014 · I was told it's just an inflamed lining of the stomach (gastritis). It all started with a bout of vomiting which was treated with a Cerenia injection. Feb 8, 2021 · Grief Center for Pet Loss at Rainbows Bridge. Helpline: 0808 808 00 00. Targeted radiation can shrink tumors and destroy cancer cells in nearby lymph nodes, reducing the likelihood that the cancer will spread. Tony never drank much, he ate well and had never smoked. Aug 4, 2010 · Posted August 4, 2010. Includes adenocarcinoma and GISTs (gastrointestinal stromal tumours) People of any background, gender identity or sexual orientation etc can be diagnosed with cancer. Screening isn't usually recommended for people in families with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). Part of a series that looks at the stomach bug H. The Online Community understands what it's like to have cancer. Posts: Keep Fighting! I am a 44 year old stage 4 cancer survivor that was diagnosed in February of this year. May 31, 2023 · Stomach Cancer Causes and Risk Factors. Lifetime Risk of Developing Cancer: Approximately 0. Stage 4 stomach cancer. It started out as diarrhea, then progressed to me having a bowel movement 5-10 times a day ranging in size and shape - sometimes runny, sometimes narrow, and sometimes appearing perfectly normal (I previously only had to go once a day, so this was a huge change). Gastrectomy, the removal of part or all of the stomach, is the main surgery for stomach cancer: Subtotal gastrectomy is the removal of the part of the stomach that contains cancer, nearby lymph nodes, and parts of other tissues and organs near the tumor. Researchers from Duke-NUS Medical School Dec 8, 2022 · The majority of gastric cancers are sporadic, while only a small percentage, less than 1%, are hereditary. The amount of gastric cancer risk associated with Lynch syndrome and the role of gastric cancer screening remain unknown, especially since a Lynch syndrome–associated gastric cancer precursor has not yet been identified. You can ask questions, read community blog posts and advice, and find support from others who understand what you're going through. If you are in need of further assistance, call our Helpline (877) 646-5864 for support. I was diagnosed in May of 2001 with stage 4 adenocarcinoma of the stomach, right at the junction of my esophagus (in fact the doctors thought I would need surgery and a shunt put in just to get food past the tumor. Even if chemo may have helped he couldn’t tell us how he felt so I was unwilling to put him through it. Seven months on from his first symptoms, my husband was diagnosed with stomach cancer. Oesophageal cancer forum. This type of cancer is called adenocarcinoma. Cancer Chat is here to support you, every step of the way. 888-369-2427. A prognosis is based on individual factors that can Show more. difficulty swallowing. Learn about the causes and risk factors for stomach cancer and ways you might be able to help lower your risk of developing the cancer. This community is sponsored by Debbie's Dream Foundation: Curing Stomach Cancer, an Inspire trusted partner. They include: persistent indigestion and heartburn. 3%, although the rate is significantly better if the tumor is localized (71. Been having a dry throat, maybe some difficulty swallowing, weight loss, no appetite, what seems to be abdominal pain above If you have risk factors that might increase your risk of stomach cancer, talk to your doctor about the possible pros and cons of stomach cancer screening for you. See what others are discussing or search the forum categories of interest to you. He was troubled by serious gastrointestinal issues, acid reflux and pain, symptoms that led his doctor to a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, a common affliction that’s often treated with medication. In the United States, about 1. May 31, 2023 · do a physical exam, which will include feeling your abdomen for anything abnormal. These cancers can have different symptoms, different outlooks Stomach cancer forum requires membership for participation - click to join Diagnosis and treatment Description This is a place where members can connect with others to discuss diagnosis and treatment. These side effects result from the fact that once part or all of the stomach is removed, food enters the intestines much more quickly after eating. Vomiting, with or without blood. She had a profound impact on all the lives she had touched. Apr 26, 2023 · Stomach cancer more commonly affects older people. Jan 6, 2011 · The cancer was helped by shrinking and now they will operate this Friday and take one half stomach and some of esophagus. October 2018. He also was VA disabled 70%. Stomach Cancer Support Group. S. December 13, 2018: I was diagnosed with Stage 3 Pancreatic Cancer. The stomach is an organ on the left side of the upper abdomen that digests food. Mar 24, 2023 · Symptoms of advanced or metastatic stomach cancer include: blood in your stool. Stomach cancer forum. #1 · May 7, 2013. Dec 23, 2015 · It would be quite rare to find stomach cancer at your age but you should stop or cut down on the smoking. The cancer forums – Stomach and esophageal cancer forum Mar 13, 2022 · Stomach cancer forum. Read the stories below about how some extraordinary people knew they had stomach cancer, who have survived stomach cancer, and are winning the battle. unexplained weight loss or loss of appetite. Vomiting blood: Any amount is considered too much. Two of which have been given back to God, as we say in my family—one at birth and the other one, Chelsea, on June 11, 2021, from this brutal disease, linitis plastica or leather bottle stomach, a rare form of stomach cancer, at the age of 31. The event of Hope for Stomach Cancer, brought together healthcare professionals, patients, caregivers, and advocates to discuss crucial issues and innovations in patient-centered care, with a special focus on Dec 4, 2022 · So after quite a lengthy period of bowts of stomach pain and taking medication a different doctor at my surgery sugested i stop the medication in case it was masking something, and unfortunately the pain returned so i was sent for an endoscopy which was done by a surgeon who knew right away that i had stomach cancer, biopsies were taken and i was sent for a CT scan. Scientists report that this discovery could change how researchers think about developing treatments for stomach cancer, also called gastric cancers or gastric adenocarcinomas. I was prescribed omerprazole (20mg twice a day) for 2 months. Radiation therapy (often together with chemotherapy) can shrink a tumor so that partial or full removal becomes Detection and Diagnosis. Felt full quickly. Instead, they increase the chance of DNA damage in cells that may lead to stomach cancer. 289 views. My dog Thunder got diagnosed with stomach cancer Cancer Support Forum. trapped wind and frequent burping. Stomach cancer usually begins in the mucus-producing cells that line the stomach. lump at the top of your stomach that you can feel in your abdomen. Apr 7, 2022 · 8 Potential Warning Signs of Stomach Cancer. 5% of new cancer diagnoses in the U. the first part of the small bowel (intestine) It is also called endoscopy or oesophago gastric duodenoscopy (OGD). I get it really bad when it comes to my health. Discussion. We were shocked, as we had expected to be told that Tony had a stomach ulcer. The initial symptoms of stomach cancer are vague and easy to mistake for other less serious conditions. I am 24 years old. My husband was dx with rectal cancer oct, 2003. People in the early stages of stomach cancer have a much better prognosis than those at a later stage. Join the group to share experiences & emotional support, discuss cancer treatment, side effects & more. Cancer Chat is our fully moderated forum where you can talk to others affected by cancer, share experiences, and get support. Support is available 24 hours a day, in a safe environment. 4 posts · Joined 2013. Oct 12, 2017 · Stomach cancers fall into four distinct molecular subtypes, researchers with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Network have found. Though we all get stomachaches from time to time, pain isn’t Survival for all stages of stomach cancer. I put it down to the PND making my stomach sore or even it getting on my chest. Some early cancers may have signs and symptoms that can be noticed, but that is not always the case. Website: www. fighterm6 replies19 Reactions. But Diaz suspected it might be something more serious. You can talk about any topic – from symptoms to going through treatment. Started with passing out back in October,then noticed my appetite was really poor. I am praying he will go through just fine, they are worried about his lungs more than his heart, but they will help him with a ventilator if they have too. Long-time reader, first time poster. Tumor shrank to the size of a dime. nausea and vomiting. Most people who develop stomach cancer are age 72 Cancer Survivors Network. 49 members; 175 discussions; What are the initial signs and symptoms of stomach cancer? How is it treated? Join the forum to discuss with other General Discussion. Jan 31, 2024 · Cancer Research UK is a registered charity in England and Wales (1089464), Scotland (SC041666), the Isle of Man (1103) and Jersey (247). This decision will depend on further discussion and review by the tumor board. Help us end cancer as we know it, for everyone. Explore the stomach cancer forum May 7, 2013 · C. Information and support for anyone affected by cancer. If he was diagnosed earlier, he might’ve We are proud to partner with Smart Patients to offer a secure online peer-to-peer support community where people affected by gastric cancer can share advice, resources, and support. 39,882 members in 31 groups. Nausea, heartburn and weight loss may signal more is going on with your GI system. Ironically Feb 23, 2017 · Este vorba despre adenocarcinom - tipul de cancer la care ne referimin general atunci cand vorbim despre cancer de stomac. Peretii stomacului contin un numar mic de celule ale sistemului imunitar si de aceea, acest tip de cancer de stomac este rar Mar 3, 2023 · Summary. A breast cancer study showed that having >5 servings of vegetables and fruits a day cut down cancer recurrence rate by 50%. I was devastated and didn’t know what to do So I started doing research and I came across a lot of topics of CBD oil and Terrified I have stomach cancer. Cancer Research UK is a registered charity in England and Wales (1089464), Scotland (SC041666), the Isle of Man (1103) and Jersey (247). Tests for Stomach Cancer. Heartburn: Indigestion, heartburn or symptoms similar to an ulcer may be signs of a stomach tumor. FormerMember over 4 years ago. She said she had internal bleeding and when they were going to do surgery they found really bad case of stomach cancer and couldnt do much. Thunder2010 02/08/21. These side effects might get better over time, but for some people they Apr 15, 2018 · My beloved brother has stage 4 stomach cancer. Posted April 3, 2008. The first signs of stomach cancer may include: Feeling full: Many stomach cancer patients experience a sense of "fullness" in the upper abdomen after eating small meals. 8%). 7 per 100,000 men and women per year. New; Stomach cancer forum requires membership for participation - click to join The death rate was 2. People of any background, gender identity or sexual orientation etc can be Stomach cancer is also called gastric cancer. Hence the Stage IV diagonsis. The 5-year survival rate for stomach cancer may be as high as 70% (for little spread) or as low as 6% (for advanced spread). Offline waqar777 over 6 years ago. Around 60% of cases occur in patients older than 65, and there is a slightly higher lifetime risk of stomach cancer in men. She has completed her first lot of chemotherapy and is now on a trial to try and keep the cancer at bay. May 10, 2022 · Just short of 5 years, Pancreatic Cancer returned. 8 percent of men and women will be diagnosed with stomach cancer at some point during their lifetime, based on 2017–2019 data. “Things like diarrhea and constipation Nov 7, 2023 · Stomach cancer is the fifth most common type of cancer in the world. I just got a diagnosis today that my dog probably has stomach cancer. The digestive tract processes nutrients in Jan 4, 2024 · Cancer Research UK is a registered charity in England and Wales (1089464), Scotland (SC041666), the Isle of Man (1103) and Jersey (247). He was a Vietnam veteran confirmed to be in agent orange spray zones. If stomach cancer is suspected, exams and tests will be needed to find out for sure. Nearby lymph nodes are removed as well. Survival rates are estimated based on all people with stomach cancer irrespective of age, general health, or cancer type or stage. Two surgeons will be there, a 7 hour operation possibly. Stomach cancer (also known as gastric cancer) is usually found when a person goes to the doctor because of signs or symptoms they are having. Apr 3, 2008 · 470. Getting involved with DDF and sharing your survivor story is another way to feel less alone and isolated. I am 55 years old and the mother of five children. Very early stage cancers can typically be treated by surgery, with either subtotal gastrectomy (removal of part of the stomach) or total gastrectomy (removal of the entire stomach). Someone from our team will be more than happy to help. The stomach is part of the digestive tract, a series of hollow, muscular organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. Stomach cancer, or gastric cancer, is a fairly uncommon type of cancer. Macmillan Cancer Support: online forum. I also have laryngopharyngeal reflux if that helps any. Doctors would call this symptom 'abdominal pain,' because the stomach is only one of many organs in the abdomen. kyle18525. indigestion – pain or burning sensation in the abdomen (heartburn), frequent burping, or stomach acid coming back up into the oesophagus (reflux) persistent nausea and/or vomiting (feeling or being sick) with no apparent cause. Join the friendly community on Cancer Chat to reply to others, create a post or ask the nurses a question. DDF is here to help through our PREP Mentorship program, support groups, and educational resources. We lost our beagle a year ago due to stomach cancer. Instead, it groups cancers into localized, regional, and distant stages: May 23, 2022 · Early signs of stomach cancer. New here, say hello Stomach Cancer. Please feel free to write on this forum, peoples experience helps each other. These adhesions were not cancerous. My 37 year old boyfriend was diagnosed with stage 3 stomach cancer Jan 6, 2021 · The first signs of stomach cancer are often vague. priya456 katie13394. Depending on these results, your doctor may recommend Judy Kessler – Milford, Delaware. Our sweet, beautiful 9 yr, 4 month old greyhound Harrison was presumptively diagnosed with stomach cancer around the pylorus last week. to 5 p. Keep taking your medication as when I was prescribed Lansaprazole it helped with the acid reflux & I don't get that anymore. Instead, doctors often recommend that people who have changes in the CDH1 Stomach cancer symptoms. From the GE junction it worked its way into the lymphatic system, especially in my abdominal cavity. Stomach cancer may come back in the stomach, lymph nodes, or other parts of the body, such as the liver, lung, or bone. The overall five-year survival rate for stomach cancer in 2022 is 33. Recurrent stomach cancer is cancer that has recurred (come back) after it has been treated. The common signs of stomach cancer that a patient experiences include: Nausea. Message and data rates may apply. Carol123 Discussion starter. Posted 6 years ago, 8 users are following. Your doctor uses a long flexible tube with a small camera and light at the end. I’m currently experiencing some really odd symptoms. An online support group for anyone with an oesophageal cancer diagnosis (also known as gullet cancer) and their family members & loved ones. 432 views. Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is relatively rare, accounting for 1. LarryT said: I am stage 4, stomach cancer, have survived for 2 years, 50 years old, and male. Jul 4, 2023 · Gastric cancer is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, albeit there has been a global decline since the last mid-century. That appeared to do the trick, however, while transitioning Oct 24, 2022 · It’s a worrying time for many people and we want to be there for you whenever - and wherever - you need us. Summary. In this safe and supportive space, we aim to provide a platform where cancer patients, survivors, caregivers, and loved ones can come together to share their stories, experiences, and knowledge. We are mulling over our options and are looking for input. Registered company in England and Wales (4325234) and the Isle of Man (5713F). ). We are an online cancer forum with over 80,000 members; and they have all been there. So February 1 my Buddy thunder got diagnosed with Stomach cancer. Symptoms may include Dec 23, 2018 · The worst thing you can do is lie in bed all day. The doctor said he wasn’t likely to have a better day than that day, due to the nature of stomach cancer, so we said our painful goodbyes. weight loss without a clear Whoever it was who suggested that you should go with your gut feeling had obviously never experienced a real digestive disorder. Oct 27, 2023 · Lynch syndrome: Lynch syndrome is caused by pathogenic variants in MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, and EPCAM. I have the urge to go all throughout the day now, but in the evenings I feel Jan 19, 2024 · Cancer Research UK is a registered charity in England and Wales (1089464), Scotland (SC041666), the Isle of Man (1103) and Jersey (247). m. Doctors estimate stomach cancer prognosis by using statistics collected over many years from people with stomach cancer. each year, according to the National Cancer Institute. Stomach cancer tends to develop slowly over time, usually over many years. In fact, stomach cancer signs may be heartburn, indigestion, changes in appetite, nausea and vomiting. It dulled the pain and made it barely noticeable, but evidently didn't Agent Orange esophageal cancer. Addendum: After a 3 year battle with stomach cancer, sadly, Mallory passed away on Wednesday March 14, 2018. Some small stage 0 cancers can be treated by endoscopic resection. I was talking with my mom last night about my grandmother (her mom) who passed away in her early 60s. The SEER database, however, does not group cancers by AJCC TNM stages (stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, etc. run blood tests to check for anemia (a low red blood cell count), which could be a sign of bleeding in the stomach. After Whipple surgery and Chemotherapy, the Pancreatic Cancer did not return until now, just a few months shy of 5 year anniversary (…. two weeks ago my brothers CT scan showed he has stage 4 stomach cancer spreading to abdomen, from a strapping 14 stone he had dropped to well below 10 stone, Drs have put a stent in his liver, drained his stomach of 7 litres & now it's bloating again & they don't Here is the old posting ( please excuse the spelling). These cells can grow into a tumor. Your muscles were meant to be used and lying in bed being afraid and shaking, only causes the body to tense up more causing even more anxiety and pain. To your question: I eat 5 to 10 servings of vegetables and fruits. check your stool for hidden (occult) blood, which could be a sign of bleeding in the stomach. You can also browse through our older threads here. My husband had stage 4 esophageal cancer. The SEER database tracks 5-year relative survival rates for stomach cancer (also known as gastric cancer) in the United States, based on how far the cancer has spread. The Cancer Survivors Network is a peer support community for cancer patients, survivors, caregivers, families, and friends! CSN is a safe place to connect with others who share your interests and experiences. There are two distinct types of gastric Sep 26, 2023 · Stomach cancer begins when cancer cells form in the inner lining of your stomach. What is stomach cancer? Gastric cancer can develop in any part of the stomach and may spread throughout the stomach and to other organs; particularly the esophagus, lungs, lymph nodes, and the liver. Debbie's Dream Foundation: Curing Stomach Cancer Support Community connects patients, families, friends and caregivers for support and inspiration. 3 percent. A gastroscopy is a test that looks at the inside of your: food pipe (oesophagus) stomach. Stomach cancer is caused by certain changes to the way stomach cells function, especially how they grow and divide into new cells. Cancer Chat is free to join and available 24 hours a day. A company limited by guarantee. Hi all, just curious about this one. Can Stomach Cancer Be Found Early? Signs and Symptoms of Stomach Cancer. These rates are age-adjusted and based on 2017–2021 cases and 2018–2022 deaths. Please be welcoming and supportive May 7, 2024 · Watch for these red-flag stomach cancer symptoms. 434 views. more than 15 out of 100 people (more than 15%) will survive their cancer courtney. We are excited to share a recap of the recent Patient Empowerment Summit and 1st Gastric Advocacy Day, held from May 5 to May 7, 2024. Personally, I agree with this. Agent Orange esophageal cancer. Macmillan Cancer Support: support line service. Stage 3 stomach cancer means that the primary tumor has spread beyond the walls of the stomach to nearby lymph nodes but not to other distant sites. Your well-being is our priority. Surgery is the primary treatment modality for stomach cancer. In this procedure the cancer and some layers of the Radiation therapy can help treat stomach cancer and also can help relieve some of its symptoms. He also responded well to the rad/chemo. Nausea and vomiting: Some stomach cancer Apr 25, 2019 · The five-year relative survival rate for distant stomach cancer (stage 4) is 5. ) After am MRI a liver biopsy , chest xrays and CT scans it was discovered Nov 29, 2021 · By Jessica Saenz. All recent discussions. My daughter was diagnosed with stage 4 stomach cancer just before Christmas 2019. They can be hugely disruptive to your life, but our helpful community is here to support you from diagnosis to treatment. org. Good luck. Your doctor will consider your complete Regularly updated information about stomach cancer diagnosis, treatments, prognosis and other relevant pages. Our forum is a confidential space, limited to those who have been specifically impacted by gastric cancer. Mar 9, 2022 · Colorectal cancer symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, bloating and fatigue are common and non-specific enough that they could be caused by any number of conditions. Treatment Options: • The doctor has suggested two options: chemotherapy or observation. These figures include people diagnosed between 2009 and 2015. A fine needle biopsy was inconclusive, getting mostly blood and few cells, and given the prognosis we don't want to subject him to exploratory surgery May 17, 2022 · The outlook for stomach cancer depends on the stage of cancer. Registered address: 2 Redman Place, London, E20 1JQ. I've also started to burp a lot, which is supposedly a symptom of early stomach cancer. Total gastrectomy is the removal of the entire Our stomach cancer forum is there 24/7 for anybody affected by stomach (gastric) cancer. As stomach cancer rates have trended downward over the past few decades, awareness has fallen behind in comparison to other types of cancer. Reply. It is small, but I don't want to wait until Dec. Side effects after surgery can include nausea, heartburn, abdominal (belly) pain, and diarrhea, particularly after eating. I’ve had post nasal drip for years on my left side only and sometimes rib pain on the left side. Here, you’ll meet May 31, 2023 · Gastrectomy. His cancer was stage four and at this stage, therefore inoperable. A support group for people with stomach cancer & their loved ones to come together, share experiences, and ask questions. pylori and how it’s linked with cancer. SINGAPORE – A recent breakthrough discovery by local researchers will soon help with the early detection of stomach cancer. One statistic that is commonly used in making a prognosis is the 5-year relative survival rate. The 5-year relative survival rate tells you what percent of people with the same type and August 2004 #2. Mar 9, 2023 · Outlook. . Stomach cancer is different from other cancers that can occur in the abdomen, like cancer of the colon or rectum (large intestine), liver, pancreas, or small intestine. A place to have more general discussions and chats, however you're feeling just now. 5% of people newly diagnosed with cancer have stomach cancer. 2 posts. macmillan. He did have surgery to remove the tumor and some surrounding tissue. However, it can affect anyone. Visit the Cancer Chat forum February 2009 #9. Catching cancer early often allows for more treatment options. If cancer is found, other tests might then be needed to learn more about it. She was a wonderful human being and a beautiful soul, she will be remembered by her husband Aaron, her 3 beautiful children and all the members of My Gut Feeling. feeling very full or bloated after meals. In the United States, gastric cancer incidence has decreased during the past few decades, although the incidence of gastroesophageal cancer has concomitantly increased. Recurrent stomach cancer. The cancer was in the upper stomach and spread into the GE junction. pylori and stomach cancer. I have been having some of the worst anxiety the past couple weeks. 251 Discussions. Stomach Cancer. We have been researching constantly for holistic approaches to stomach cancer treatments. Join the Online Community. Please feel free to give us a call at 954-475-1200 Monday through Friday from 8:30 a. [] May 31, 2023 · Survival rates for stomach cancer. Cancer in the area where the top part of the stomach meets the lower end of the swallowing tube has become much more common. By date Descending. Tests will be done to help determine where the cancer has returned in your body. But if you experience one or more of the following “alarm symptoms,” consider it a red flag and contact your doctor immediately. The average age of those diagnosed with stomach cancer is 68. Whether you're newly diagnosed, in the midst of treatment, or a survivor, you'll find a community that understands and Surgical Details: • The affected ovary was removed intact, although it was adherent to the pelvic sidewall. Jason Diaz knew something wasn’t right. abdominal (belly) pain. We were told he would need rad/chemo, surgery and permanent colostomy. Donations to No Stomach For Cancer help to advance awareness and education about stomach cancer, provide a support network for affected families and support research for screening, early detection, treatment, and prevention of stomach cancer. There are many risk factors for stomach cancer, but many do not directly cause cancer. Cancer research UK – A bug’s life: H. Macmillan Cancer Support: find local support services. wa as hv rl sb hs ch ue hv tc