Browse 58,121 authentic cat fur stock photos, high-res images, and pictures, or explore additional cat fur texture or cat fur close up stock images to find the right photo at the right size and resolution for your project. Round. Apr 4, 2024 · Identifying your curl shape and pattern (s) is best determined while your hair is sopping wet. A reverse calico cat has the same coloring as a regular calico, but their dark patches are replaced with light colors while the lighter patches are replaced with dark colors. Its fur is largely regarded for having one of the thickest and most luxurious textures among domestic cat breeds. Depending on the texture and weight of the cotton, some cats prefer softer varieties for sleeping and lounging, while others like coarser cotton fabrics for scratching. Cat breeds can generally be categorized into hairless, short-haired, and long-haired, each with distinct grooming needs and aesthetic qualities. They can be black, white, blue, calico, bi-colors, tabby, or even color-pointed. When it comes to softness, some cats definitely have fur that feels silkier and more plush than others. Choosing the right brushes (and using them at the right time), is key if you want to create a genuine sense of texture in your artwork. Download Cat Texture stock photos. Siamese. There are cats with long, medium, or short fur, but they all shed their fur naturally. Oct 23, 2023 · Russian Blue Cat Fur Texture and Length. Aug 24, 2023 · Domestic cat’s coats come in a wide range of amazing patterns and colors that include; Tricolor, Colorpoint, Solid, Bicolor, Tabby, and Tortoiseshell. With looped carpets, cat’s paws will often pull the loops out and cause the carpet to unravel in sections. Different brushes and combs work best for different lengths and textures of fur. Dec 30, 2022 · This is the classic Siamese cat pattern: a lighter base color, with darker fur around the “points,” (their face and ears, tails, and feet and legs. Cats are among the most beloved pets, and their fur is one of their defining characteristics. The difference is that the overall pink skin tone is mixed into the cat's "coat" color, creating a very unique look. Fur length and texture Cat coat hair Down, awn and guard hairs of a domestic tabby cat. Fur texture wild animal skin black white seamless pattern. of 4,197. Common color combinations include black-and-white, gray-and-orange, or cream-and-black. Image Credit: Boibin, Shutterstock. Preventing skin issues is crucial in maintaining their hygiene. Types of Cat Coats Single Layer Coats. GI upset is quite common in cats of all kinds, as they can fall victim to plenty of harmful invaders that can impact gut health. Popular breeds with short hair include the Oriental The chinchilla fur and its elegantly soft texture has recently surpassed other types of fur coats and there’s a valid reason behind this: few other animals have a higher hair density than chinchillas, which have more than 20. Cat Hair Growth. Of course, the textures found within fur vary enormously throughout the animal kingdom. The main difference between cat breeds is the variation of color and texture of the coat. 4K HD. Apr 12, 2024 · Known for the “M” marking on the forehead, four types of tabby fur patterns exist. Hair lengths also vary so much within the subject itself, and selecting the right Browse 12,293 professional cat fur texture stock photos, images & pictures available royalty-free. Mar 21, 2022 · Fur types. It doesn’t readily curl. @torbietowntimes. Cats love to play with things. Use them in commercial designs under lifetime, perpetual & worldwide rights. Guard hairs display the cat’s basic color and pattern the strongest. Cat coat variations should not be Choose from Cat Fur stock illustrations from iStock. This takes practice. 1. Long-haired cats have a double coat made of an undercoat and a topcoat. Felting with cat hair is unique compared to felting with sheep wool or alpaca wool in many ways. In addition to the Siamese, Bengal, and Abyssinian breeds, other short-haired cat breeds include the British Shorthair, American Shorthair, and Burmese. Types of Cat Fur: Guard Hairs, Awn Hairs, and Down Hairs. Breeds with semi-long hair include Birman, Himalayan, and Norwegian Forest Cat. This has been common wisdom for a while, but genetic studies confirmed it in 2007 [1, 2]. Guard hairs provide protection from the elements while underfur provides insulation against heat loss. The most striking difference is the texture of the fiber. Fur texture and softness vary among different cat breeds due to genetic factors that control hair formation and growth. Cat fur can be short, long, curly, or hairless. Rex cats stand out because of their wavy and curly fur, and some even have twisted whiskers. That’s because fur holds about the same amount of heat near the skin at all times. Long-haired cats can resemble their lion ancestors, thanks to their long, luscious locks. Sphynx cats with fur still require regular bathing to remove excess oils from their skin. Find high-quality royalty-free vector images that you won't find anywhere else. Nov 8, 2022 · Cats have four types of hair. 77k Collections 21. Getting your values correct is more important than choosing the exact fur colors. These cats are often admired for their athletic builds and sleek, elegant appearance. Photo Longhaired: Long-haired cats can have either single or multiple layers of fur. One of the reasons for the incredible variety in cat fur is the influence of genetic factors. These words help create an image in the reader’s mind about how the fur feels to touch. While most Semi-long hair: This type of fur is between short and long hair and has a fluffy, soft texture. Interestingly, the three layers of fur Mar 21, 2022 · This is the term used for the coats of Maine Coons, Birmans, Somalis, Norwegian Forest Cats, Ragamuffins, and many other breeds. Bear fur texture. The thick and bristly awn hairs of the middle coat are shorter than guard hairs. It can keep cats as warm as 80 degrees Images 93. Dec 29, 2021 · A lot of websites repeat the statistic that a cat has “60,000 hairs per square inch on the cat’s back, and 120,000 hairs on the underside. The hair coat changes in appearance and texture but the absolute numbers of hair follicles and hair does not. They vary in how crinkled certain areas of your kitty's body are, how the fur moves when it yawns, and how the colors frame its eyes. [29] The three most common types of lynx in the fur trade are the Canadian lynx, the bobcat, and the Russian lynx. These coats are characterized by short, dense fur that lies close to the body, making them ideal for families looking for a low-maintenance pet. Jan 18, 2023 · White. Selective breeding has produced some beautiful coat patterns in pedigree cats. For example, “Her fur was as soft as silk” provides a vivid description of the tactile experience. Free for commercial use High Quality Images Mar 16, 2024 · 1. Grooming Needs. As a responsible cat owner, it is What sets Siamese cat fur apart is its unique texture, which is a result of the shape of the hair shafts themselves. The researchers discovered four mutations in the same gene, Fibroblast Growth Factor 5 (FGF5), which cause cats to have long fur [1, 2]. engraved seamless pattern of fur texture. Aug 18, 2023 · The leopard cat’s genes play a significant role in determining the texture and softness of a Bengal cat’s fur. Aug 1, 2022 · 1a – Limp, fine, and soft, 1a hair has absolutely no wave. Such felines usually have pink noses and toe beans. Next is blotched, often distinguished by swirls and marbles. cleaning their ears is important to prevent wax buildup and potential infections. For example, normal variations (polymorphisms) in two genes, EDAR and FGFR2 Jan 31, 2020 · Flat. Curly-haired: Breeds like Devon Rex and Cornish Rex have a unique coat structure with less undercoat or different textures. Search from thousands of royalty-free Cat Fur Texture stock images and video for your next project. Gray fur texture. ADS. Hairless Breeds The three layers of feline fur work together to provide a range of benefits to our feline friends. fur. Sep 15, 2023 · As it sounds, a cat with a torbie coat has tortoiseshell markings and tabby stripes. Coats can also be considered smooth, which often appear shinier Cotton is another versatile fabric that many cats enjoy. The fur is very warm, despite being one of the lightest weight furs. How accurate that information is is debatable. Genetic factors appear to play a major role in determining hair texture—straight, wavy, or curly—and the thickness of individual strands of hair. For example, Cornish Rex has a short and very soft coat because it mostly only has down hairs. The Maine Coon, one of the most popular cat breeds in the world, is known for its distinct fur. The fur can naturally come in three types of hairs; guard, awn, and down hair. Feb 16, 2020 · A cat’s fur can vary greatly between different breeds. #1 Long-Haired Cats. Short Hair Oriental Short. Due to CITES regulations, special permits are required to trap, sell, and own lynx furs. Jan 4, 2024 · Cats come in a wide variety of breeds, coat types, colors, and fur textures. One of the most common types of cat litter, clumping clay is usually made of bentonite clay. Tiger and leopard patterns collection in different colors in flat style. Filbert. They scratch and stretch and their claws can get into everything – whether intentional or by accident. They can be soft and shiny when well maintained. Download royalty-free stock photos, vectors, HD footage and more on Adobe Stock. Wu Monday, November 19, 2018 NOVA Next. Finally, the ticked pattern has fur with bands of colors. Download Cat Fur Texture stock photos. The fur stands out from their body, giving them an elegant and refined appearance. The new hair grows along side the old hair, which is subsequently lost. If you can get the darks and lights right, your drawing will look much more realistic. This helps to remove any tangles or mats without causing pain or discomfort. You may not be aware that there are nine varieties of Rex cats, and even more that never made it onto the list. 2. Short, quick strokes can represent short fur, while longer, fluid strokes can mimic longer fur. Like the rest of the Maine Coon’s fur, the signature mane takes time to develop. The coat is of a different texture too, and does not require nearly as much grooming as that of the Persian. Those variations are in color, pattern, shape, texture, and consistency. 100,000+ Vectors, Stock Photos & PSD files. Fur Texture Variation Among Cats. 000 hairs per square centimeter! Practically, this means that the chinchilla fur is inhabitable to parasites, which Easy-to-Clean: With cats prone to shedding their fur and tracking dirt around the house, it’s important to find a carpet that is easy to clean. Dec 13, 2023 · The study of cat coat genetics can be conducted using the diverse coat patterns within different cat breeds. Examples of medium hair cats are: American Bobtail. Long-haired cats. These cats typically require minimal grooming, making them a great choice for pet owners with busy schedules. A close up look at the fur on an orange tabby cat. Hypoallergenic: Cats can trigger allergies in some people, making it crucial to find a hypoallergenic carpet. Then, there’s spotted that looks like a leopard print. This is usually not a cause for concern and is simply a result of the natural aging process. of 100 pages. Cat furs come in a variety of lengths, textures, and colors, each requiring its own special care to keep them healthy and beautiful. Having said that, the colour palette is limited to these basics: White, Black, Red (Ginger), Blueish / Grey, Cream, Brown, Cinnamon, Fawn. Credit: Maddy Weiss. I use the fur growth direction from the grey cat when burning the fur on the black cat. Jan 18, 2024 · The breed typically has a lighter body color, with darker “points” on the ears, face, paws, and tail. The length, density and proportions of these three hairs varies greatly between Nov 2, 2023 · Start by choosing the right grooming tools for your cat’s fur type. Cat Fur Texture stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs. Many beginning artists struggle with making their values dark enough. Let’s look at the most common cat fur types. The environment in which a cat lives can also affect its fur patterns. Mar 19, 2024 · The Many Coats of Cats. Let’s explore the fascinating Mar 10, 2020 · The fur on this cat is of similar length as the grey cat. Trend 2: Texture Changes. Mar 16, 2024 · Image By: Anna Krivitskaya, Shutterstock. One of the main reasons cats have such soft coats is that soft fur is an excellent insulator. Browse 27,906 professional cat texture stock photos, images & pictures available royalty-free. Jun 4, 2024 · The 9 Types of Cat Litter. Freeman added that “this coat pattern is also often associated with the albino trait, and can result in both blue-eyed and pink-eyed cats. 1b – While 2a is also very straight, it can hold a curl with a little help from products. May 10, 2024 · Genetic variations influence the structure of the hair follicles and the type of hair produced, leading to differences in texture. Thinner and more oval-shaped than those of other cats, this structure makes their fur less prone to tangling and matting. ”. Fish texture. Begin by brushing your cat’s fur in the direction it naturally grows. Studies suggest that different genes influence hair texture and thickness in people of different ethnic backgrounds. May 22, 2023 · The lack of thicker fur allows all their skin's wrinkles, lumps, and bumps to show. Photo: Caitlin Dempsey. Regular grooming and brushing can help minimize shedding and keep your cat’s coat soft and healthy. Plus the fur grows in the same direction on almost every single cat on this planet. – Color progression: Siamese kittens are born with all-white fur, and their points develop as they grow older. Wood texture. With animal fur – there are two types: guard hairs and underfur. ” Key Takeaways: Cat coat genetics determine the coloration, pattern, length, and texture of feline fur. These cats have longer fur than the shorthaired cats, but not as long and thick as the coat of Persians. They deter dirt and moisture. These points can come in a variety of colors, including seal, chocolate, blue, lilac, and more. Some of the most common causes of vomiting in cats includes: Sudden diet changes. Any of these fur features will affect a cat’s appearance differently. These cats are known for their sleek, glossy fur that is soft to the touch. Really the big difference between the two cats is the darkness of the fur and presence, or not, of markings. Torbie cats are known to be talkative, affectionate, and clingy. Different breeds of cats have specific genetic traits that determine coat length, texture, and color, and breeders have been successful in promoting certain physical characteristics through selective breeding. The guard hair protects the cat from external factors, while the awn hair insulates the cat’s body and keeps it warm. Most clumping clay litters also contain silica, which helps trap liquid Sep 8, 2022 · The other distinctive feature of the Maine Coon’s fur is the mane or ruff around the neck. Normally, their fur is thicker during the winter than in summer, so it changes during spring and autumn. The third most expensive fur, the lynx is a luxurious type of fur renowned for its silky, plush fur and the striking spots on its pelt. Rex fur: This type of fur is curly and has a unique texture. Many feel that this fur length is a happy medium between cute fluffiness, proportionate to how much work it takes to keep the cat clean. Try also: cat fur texture in images cat fur texture in videos cat fur texture in templates cat fur texture in Premium. This is because sunlight activates melanin, the pigment responsible for coat color. Body shape and size. These different coat markings arise from the cat’s genetics that also determines your cat’s texture, pattern, length, and coloration of feline fur. Some cats have single-layer coats that consist of only one type of hair. These cats are low maintenance, requiring very little grooming. Silky-Coated: Silky coated breeds have fine hair that may be long in some areas, shorter in others, or trimmed down to a soft Experiment with the texture for the fur: Different cats have different types of fur, so capturing the texture is crucial. Whether you're a seasoned cat aficionado or simply intrigued by the magnificent Apr 12, 2024 · Another trend that cat owners may notice is a change in the texture of their cat’s fur as they age. Many genes and modifying factors contribute to the variations in cat coat colors and patterns. Detail. Their fur lies close to the body, showcasing their elegant, muscular build. Browse Getty Images’ premium collection of high-quality, authentic Cat Fur Texture stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. Chinese Leopard Cat (Felis bengalensis chinensis): Chinese Leopard Cat, also known in the fur trade as Lippi Cat, is one of several subspecies of the small Asian Leopard Cat found across eastern and southern Asia , but the only one that is traded internationally. Apr 18, 2024 · Greetings, fellow feline enthusiasts and curious cat lovers! Prepare to be whisked away on a journey into the enchanting world of cat fur. Air conditioning and heating in the home can, therefore, influence how much your dog or cat molts. Page 1 of 100. In this article we will provide an overview of different types of cat fur as well […] Four Types of Cats Fur. There are three types of hair found in a cat’s coat: guard hairs, awn hairs, and down hairs. Anagen is the first phase, in which the hair is produced. Fur can range from straight to wavy, coiled, or even entirely hairless in some breeds. A Norwegian Forest Cat can run you upwards of $1,500 to adopt from a breeder. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day. Hairless: Cats like the Sphynx have no fur, but they can still possess a fine layer of down. Trimming the cat’s nails is also essential to prevent overgrowth and discomfort for the feline. Color and texture of the coat. A short hair cat’s coat is no longer than 1. Values are the lights and darks of a drawing. 118,251 cat fur texture stock photos, vectors, and illustrations are available royalty-free for download. Maine Coon Fur Texture Cat Breeds, Breeding and Showing. Set of seamless patterns and backgrounds with paw prints, hearts, bones and fish. This is also the easiest to spot. Exposure to sunlight can lighten a cat’s fur, while a lack of sunlight can darken it. For example, the Siamese cat is known for its distinctive blue eyes and dark points on Norwegian Forest Cats are a beautiful, large cat breed with long, wool-like fur that keeps them warm in colder climates. The diversity of cat coats across breeds is remarkable, with variations existing in length, texture, and presence or absence of hair. Concentrate on the values-. A cat’s coat comes in 4 different types, all varying in length, texture and thickness. A cat's breed can be recognized by analyzing these three categories: Facial features. Cut carpets will hold up better than looped carpets with cats. Bald cats come in the same variety of cat colors and patterns. These combine in subtle variations to produce an Lynx. Cats also have longer guard hairs than most other animals because they have a layer of dense fur that keeps the inner coat warm. This is primarily due to its double coat nature which comprises a dense undercoat and a longer, glossier overcoat. Fluffy texture. Short hair cats, such as the American Shorthair and Bengal, have a smooth and easy-to-maintain coat that requires minimal grooming. Older cats may develop a coarser, more wiry fur texture as their skin loses elasticity and becomes less supple. They include: The coarse and shiny guard hairs of the outer coat are the longest. There are many underlying conditions that can lead to nausea and vomiting in our feline friends. The Siamese has a short, fine, sleek coat and is soft to the touch. Length: From short-haired breeds like the sleek Siamese cat to long-haired beauties like the majestic Maine Coon, coat length is determined by specific genes that regulate the growth cycle of hair follicles. Download and use 60,000+ Cat Fur Texture stock photos for free. The Role of Genetics in Fur Variation. Your costs for this cat breed will not stop there because they will require lots of grooming because of the type of fur. First is the mackerel that looks like tiger stripes. Use specific brush strokes to mimic the length and texture of your cat’s fur. Dietary indiscretion. The texture of this Jun 29, 2016 · Smooth-Coated: These coats are soft, odor-free and close to the body. The cat’s eye colors can be golden, blue, copper, green, and even different eyes. Cat breeds can differ significantly in their appearance, with various breeds showcasing different face shapes, coat patterns, and fur textures. Colorpoint cats are also much more likely to Feb 6, 2024 · 6. Free for commercial use High Quality Images Their coat's texture may vary, ranging from fine and velvety to coarser and more resilient. 7. Jul 6, 2023 · 2. Cat Coat Colors and Patterns. Just like humans, cats can go gray as they get older. Cold needs to get through their fur to affect For example, a Persian cat has long, thick fur, while a Siamese cat has short, fine fur. Matting: Cats with soft fur are prone to matting, especially if their coat is long and thick. Blue. Jul 9, 2023 · Cat fur comes in many different varieties. The Different Types of Bengal Cat Coats Bengal cats can have different types of coats, each with its own unique characteristics. Jun 12, 2023 · In this article, we will explore the differences between these types of animal fur, and how felting cat hair compares to felting other types of animal hair. Short-haired cats are among the most common, boasting a sleek and easy-to-care-for coat. Cats’ fur varies in length, texture, and abundance. Angle. Abyssinian. Long hair is recessive to short hair [1-4]. Awn hairs are just beneath the guard hairs and Coloration patterns within a cat’s fur are unique to each individual feline. May 11, 2022 · Depending on the cat’s diet as well, medium hair can feel a little coarse and flat to the touch. 5 inches long. Use short, gentle strokes while brushing. Many different breeds of cats have their own unique coats, colors, and patterns. A simple breakdown: Type 1s are straight, Type 2s are wavy, Type 3s are curly, and Type 4s are coily Browse 20,400+ cat fur texture stock illustrations and vector graphics available royalty-free, or start a new search to explore more great stock images and vector art. In this instance, the fur we are talking about is the fur that covers most of your cat’s body-and even this fur can be found in variants including long haired, short haired, semi-longhaired, curled, crimped and more! Long hair, short hair and semi-long hair are all fairly common in cats, but curled or crimped hair occurs due to a Soft Fur Is A Good Insulator. Another factor that influences a cat’s softness is their diet. Dog breeds with smooth coats are: Boxers, French Bulldogs, Boston Terriers, Whippets, Pointers, etc. It’s so synonymous with Maine Coons that many people believe the cat to be the ‘Mane Coon,’ named for its appearance, rather than its native state. Carpets with a low pile and stain-resistant properties work best for this purpose. Take time to observe the breed of your cat, and look for unique features that you can incorporate into your sketch. To the touch, their fur is soft and velvety, making them a pleasure to pet and snuggle with. Nov 1, 2020 · The wild-type, or default, fur for cats is short with no texture modifications. Cat tongues are covered in hundreds of little backwards-facing spines with hollow tips that help felines wick saliva into their fur. This refers to their coats, which are crimped or curly, unlike most other cat breeds, which have straight fur. Thousands of new images every day Completely Free to Use High-quality videos and images from Pexels Vector illustration set of animal seamless prints. Crossbreeds come in an endless variety too. Clumping Clay. Types of Cat Coat Textures 1. Cat coats can differ in length and texture. Describing Cats - What Does My Cat Look Like? Types Of Fur? Thread starter Glaciar; Start Date Oct 25, 2017; Oct 25, 2017 #1 G. The length of a cat’s fur can also vary greatly. When your cat uses it, the clay “clumps” together, trapping the waste in easy-to-remove chunks. Find & Download Free Graphic Resources for Wolf Fur Texture. Mar 1, 2024 · According to a professional groomer, “Breed plays a significant role in determining the softness of a cat’s fur. 1c – This hair type may have a hint of a wave, resembling a very long “S” when grown out. Sort by: Most popular. Free or royalty-free photos and images. Find Cat Fur Texture stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. The smooth texture of the Siamese jacket is complemented by its striking color points, making its soft fur a pleasure to pet and a beautiful sight to behold. A short haired Bengal cat sitting on his cat tree. Cats with longer coats tend to have softer fur because the extra length allows for more natural oils to distribute throughout the fur, keeping it soft and silky. However, one of the most important factors is the type of fur the cat has. Here are some of the most common types of cat fur: Short Hair Cats. See cat texture stock video clips. Find high-quality stock photos that you won't find anywhere else. Jul 28, 2023 · 9 Types of Rex Cats. They are broken down into the following categories: Length: Cats will either be hairless, have short coats, or long coats; Texture: Some cats have curly coats, some have wirehair, and others have a double coat. A cat’s coat can also change due to environmental factors, such as temperature and humidity. The hair of a cat does not grow continuously, but in cycles, similar to our eyebrows. One thing is for sure though – cotton is breathable and easy to wash, making it a practical choice for cat owners. As a result, grooming is easier and less time-consuming for their owners. The down hair provides comfort and warmth, making our feline friends so soft and cuddly. . The softness of a cat’s coat is an endearing trait for many cat owners and can make cats especially enjoyable to pet and cuddle. Horse fur texture. Extreme temperatures can also affect fur growth and thickness. Shedding: Soft cat fur tends to shed more than other types of fur, which can be a concern for some cat owners. One of the most striking features of Russian Blue cats is their luxurious and plush fur texture. ) Dr. This can be particularly noticeable in long-haired breeds, where the fur may become matted and tangled more easily. When describing a cat’s fur texture, you can use words like soft, silky, fluffy, or smooth. Long-haired cats’ coats come in lots of different colours and patterns and their fur can grow as long as 5 to 12cm! Find & Download Free Graphic Resources for Cat Fur Texture. Nov 16, 2022 · The 4 types of cat fur. The first and main color in a cat color chart is, of course, white. There are lots of short hair breeds including the British Shorthair, the Burmese, the Manx, the Bengal, and the Savannah to name a few. Abstract vector illustration for pet shop websites and prints, social media posts, animal product design. Of course, the amount of fur a cat has, will vary depending on the cat’s breed. Apr 13, 2024 · Professional Veterinarian: “It is perfectly normal for cats to experience changes in the color of their fur as they age. Find Fur Textures stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. 300,482 cat texture stock photos, 3D objects, vectors, and illustrations are available royalty-free. Most cats are short-haired, like their ancestor. Search from 276,022 Cat Fur Texture stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. The key to identifying a torbie is to look for the red or orange within a tabby pattern. Nov 19, 2018 · By Katherine J. Visual Cues to Determine a Cat's Breed. In this expansive guide, we'll delve into the diverse array of fur types found among our beloved feline companions, from silky smooth coats to luxurious long-haired beauties. It is rare and more common among domestic shorthairs. It helps keep your cat warm in the cold and also helps keep your cat cooler in the heat. Breeds with rex fur include Devon Rex, Cornish Rex, and Selkirk Rex. Dreamstime is the world`s largest stock photography community. The cats with white colored coats and without any markings are related to the type of a solid coat pattern. There are several cat breeds with the term "rex" in the name. Find & Download the most popular Fur Texture Photos on Freepik Free for commercial use High Quality Images Over 52 Million Stock Photos. yjfrfanwimznvphvlqcv